Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Vikram, S.
- Effectiveness of Turbidity Removal from Synthetic and Tannery Wastewater by Using Seeds of a Natural Coagulant Citrullus lanatus
Abstract Views :419 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai-119, IN
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai-119, IN
Source
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol 17, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 551-553Abstract
The cost of water treatment is increasing due to suspended and colloidal particle load caused by land development and high storm runoff. Water from all sources must have some form of purification and treatment before consumption. The coagulation process can be used as a primary step for water and wastewater treatment processes. Among plant materials that have been tested, the seeds of water melon (Citrullus lanatus) have been shown to be one of the most effective primary coagulants in water and wastewater treatment. Citrullus lanatus is the best natural coagulant that removes the BOD, COD, TSS and turbidity level to the greater extent. It was aimed at identifying watermelon seed as a possible replacement for alum and other synthetic polyelectrolytes in treating water. Results obtained showed that the optimum dosage of 2 g/L of seed at a temperature of 35°C removes the turbidity from 1500 NTU to 35 NTU. The seeds of C. lanatus reported that the turbidity of tannery effluent reduced by 86.7%, COD reduced by 50% and BOD reduced by 55% at a coagulant concentration of 2 g/L. The concentration of watermelon seeds in wastewater changes the turbidity from 692 NTU to 92 NTU. The study proved that C. lanatus gives better removal efficiency than alum for synthetic and tannery wastewater treatment and can be used as an alternative coagulant against the use of inorganic coagulants.Keywords
Citrullus lanatus, Turbidity, Coagulant, Polyelectrolyte.References
- Binti Saharudin, N.F.A. and Nithyanandam, R. 2014. Wastewater treatment by using natural coagulant. 2nd Eureca, 4: 213-217.
- Botanic Garden Conservation News 2002. Botanic Garden Conservation News, IUCN, June 2002
- Daniyan, Y.S., Enemaduku, A.M. and Eru, E.O. 2011. The use of moringa seed extract in water purification. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy, 2(4): 1265-127.
- Deshpande, L. 2010. Water quality analysis laboratory methods. National Environmental Engineering Research Conference, New Delhi.
- Jagadish Kumar, L., Sathish Sundararaman, Narendrakumar, G. and Joshua Amarnath, D. 2015. Optimization of coagulant dosage and decolourisation of BMDS spent wash using external membrane bioreactor (E-MBR). Der Pharma Chemica, 7(4): 105-111.
- Mirjana, A.G., Marina, S. and Nada, P. 2010. Proteins form common bean seed as a natural coagulant for potential application in water turbidity removal. Bioresource Technology, 10(1): 2167-2172.
- Moramudaii, M.A. and Fernando, P. 2015. Use of seeds of Moringa oleifera to clarify turbid waters and wastewaters. Vidyodaya J. of Sci., 10(1): 167-182.
- Muthuraman, G., Sasikala, S. and Prakash, N. 2013. Proteins from natural coagulant for potential application of turbidity removal in water. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, 3(1): 278-283.
- Muthuraman, G. and Sasikala, S. 2014. Removal of turbidity from drinking water using natural coagulants. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20: 1727-1731.
- Ndabigengesere, A., Narasiah, K.S. and Talbot, B.G. 1995. Water resources and mechanisms of coagulation of turbid water using Moringa oleifera. Active Agents, 29(2): 703-710.
- Othman, Z., Bhatia, S. and Ahmad, A.L. 2008. Influence of the settleability parameters for palm oil mill effluent (pome) pretreatment by using Moringa oleifera seeds as an environmental friendly coagulant. International Conference on Environment, Malaysia, 1-9.
- Talnikar, V.D. 2017. Natural coagulants for wastewater treatment: review. Pravara Journal of Science & Technology, 1(1): 38-42.
- Yusuf, J., Yuakubu, M.B. and Balarabe, A.M. 2015. The use of Moringa oleifera seed as a coagulant for domestic water purification. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 10(1): 06-09.
- State-of-the-Art Technique to Conduct in situ Stress Measurements in Deep Proposed Coal-Mining Blocks of Singareni Collieries, India
Abstract Views :184 |
PDF Views:94
Authors
Affiliations
1 Geotechnical Engineering Department, National Institute of Rock Mechanics, Bengaluru 560 070, IN
1 Geotechnical Engineering Department, National Institute of Rock Mechanics, Bengaluru 560 070, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 6 (2020), Pagination: 1027-1030Abstract
Singareni Collieries Company Ltd is proposing some new mining blocks in the Godavari coalfield with status document with roof hazard zonation maps vis-à-vis stress field, for safe and economical mine design. Hence, National Institute of Rock Mechanics, conducted stress measurements by hydraulic fracturing method in the newly proposed mining blocks at Mandamarri and Bellampalli areas of Singareni collieries at deeper levels from the surface up to 600 m depth to find out the existing stress regime to prepare the roof hazard maps for safe and economic mining. This communication deals with the technique adopted for hydraulic fracturing, method of estimating stresses, analysis of the results for magnitude and direction of in situ stresses prevailing at deeper horizons. These studies could be helpful in other coal mining areas.Keywords
Coal Mining, Hydraulic Tests, Pre-Existing Fracture, Rock Masses, Stress.References
- Fairhurst, C., In situ stress determination an appraisal of its significance in rock mechanics. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Rock Stress and Rock Stress Measurements, Stockholm, Centek Publ., Lulea, Sweden, 1986, pp. 3–17.
- Haimson, B., A simple method for estimating in situ stresses at great depths. In Field Testing and Instrumentation of Rock (ed. Clark, G.), West Conshohocken, ASTM International, PA, 1974, pp. 156–182; https://doi.org/10.1520/STP32150S
- Rummel, F., Stresses and Tectonics of the Upper Continental Crust – A Review, International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1986.
- Amedi, B. and Stephanson, O., Rock Stress and its Measurement, Chapman & Hall Publishers, London, UK, 1997.
- Bigby, D. N., Cassie, J. W. and Ledger, A. R., Absolute stress and stress change measurements in British coal measures. In Proceedings of ISRM Conference on Rock Characterization. Proceedings of ISRM Symposium: Eurock’92, Chester, 14–17 September 1992, pp. 390–395.
- Cornet, F. H. and Valette, B., In situ stress determination from hydraulic injection test data. J. Geophys. Res., 1984, 89(13), 11527–11537.
- Cornet, F. H., Stress determination from hydraulic tests on preexisting fractures – the H.T.P.F. method. In Proceedings of the International Symposium Rock Stress and Rock Stress Measurements, CENTEK Publ, Lulea, Sweden, 1986, pp. 301–311.
- User’s Manual, Mesy’s Hydrofrac pressure and flow rate data analysis software, Mesy GMBH, Germany, 1993.
- User’s Manual, Gensim and Plane Software, Mesy GMBH, Germany, 1993.
- Internal Reports and Communications of NIRM.